HS2161 TECHNICAL ENGLISH II SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Technical Vocabulary - meanings in context, sequencing
words, Articles- Prepositions, intensive reading& predicting content,
Reading and interpretation, extended definitions, Process description
Suggested activities:
1. Exercises on word formation using the prefix ‘self’ - Gap
filling with preposition.
2. Exercises - Using sequence words.
3. Reading comprehension exercise with questions based on
inference – Reading headings
4. and predicting the content – Reading advertisements and
interpretation.
5. Writing extended definitions – Writing descriptions of
processes – Writing paragraphs based on discussions – Writing paragraphs
describing the future.
UNIT II
Phrases / Structures indicating use / purpose – Adverbs-Skimming
– Non-verbal communication- Listening – correlating verbal and non-verbal
communication -Speaking in group discussions – Formal Letter writing – Writing
analytical paragraphs.
Suggested activities:
1. Reading comprehension exercises with questions on overall
content – Discussions
analyzing stylistic features (creative and factual
description) - Reading comprehension
exercises with texts including graphic communication -
Exercises in interpreting nonverbal communication.
2. Listening comprehension exercises to categories data in
tables.
3. Writing formal letters, quotations, clarification,
complaint – Letter seeking permission for Industrial visits– Writing analytical
paragraphs on different debatable issues.
UNIT III
Cause and effect expressions – Different grammatical forms
of the same word - Speaking –stress and intonation, Group Discussions - Reading
– Critical reading - Listening, - Writing –using connectives, report writing –
types, structure, data collection, content, form, recommendations .
Suggested activities:
Exercises combining sentences using cause and effect
expressions – Gap filling exercises using the appropriate tense forms – Making
sentences using different grammatical forms of the same word. ( Eg: object
–verb / object – noun )
1. Speaking exercises involving the use of stress and
intonation – Group discussions–
analysis of problems and offering solutions.
2. Reading comprehension exercises with critical questions,
Multiple choice question.
3. Sequencing of jumbled sentences using connectives –
Writing different types of reports like industrial accident report and survey
report – Writing recommendations.
UNIT IV
Numerical adjectives – Oral instructions – Descriptive
writing – Argumentative paragraphs –Letter of application - content, format (CV
/ Bio-data) - Instructions, imperative forms -Checklists, Yes/No question form
– E-mail communication.
Suggested Activities:
1. Rewriting exercises using numerical adjectives.
2. Reading comprehension exercises with analytical questions
on content – Evaluation of content.
3. Listening comprehension – entering information in tabular
form, intensive listening
exercise and completing the steps of a process.
4. Speaking - Role play – group discussions – Activities
giving oral instructions.
5. Writing descriptions, expanding hints – Writing
argumentative paragraphs – Writing formal letters – Writing letter of
application with CV/Bio-data – Writing general and safety instructions –
Preparing checklists – Writing e-mail messages.
UNIT V
Speaking - Discussion of Problems and solutions - Creative
and critical thinking – Writing an essay, Writing a proposal.
Suggested Activities:
1. Case Studies on problems and solutions
2. Brain storming and discussion
3. Writing Critical essays
4. Writing short proposals of 2 pages for starting a
project, solving problems, etc.
5. Writing advertisements.
TEXT BOOK
1. Chapters 5 – 8. Department of Humanities & Social
Sciences, Anna University, ‘English for Engineers and Technologists’ Combined
Edition (Volumes 1 & 2), Chennai: Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., 2006. Themes 5
– 8 (Technology, Communication, Environment, Industry)
REFERENCES
1. P. K. Dutt, G. Rajeevan and C.L.N Prakash, ‘A Course in
Communication Skills’,
Cambridge University Press, India 2007.
2. Krishna Mohan and Meera Banerjee, ‘Developing
Communication Skills’, Macmillan India Ltd., (Reprinted 1994 – 2007).
3. Edgar Thorpe, Showick Thorpe, ‘Objective English’, Second
Edition, Pearson Education, 2007. Extensive Reading:
1. Robin Sharma, ‘The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari’, Jaico
Publishing House, 2007
Note:
The book listed under Extensive Reading is meant for
inculcating the reading habit of the students. They need not be used for
testing purposes.
MA2161 MATHEMATICS II SYLLABUS
UNIT I ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Higher order linear differential equations with constant
coefficients – Method of variation of parameters – Cauchy’s and Legendre’s
linear equations – Simultaneous first order linear equations with constant
coefficients.
UNIT II VECTOR CALCULUS
Gradient Divergence and Curl – Directional derivative –
Irrotational and solenoidal vector fields– Vector integration – Green’s theorem
in a plane, Gauss divergence theorem and stokes’theorem (excluding proofs) –
Simple applications involving cubes and rectangular parallelpipeds.
UNIT III ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Functions of a complex variable – Analytic functions –
Necessary conditions, Cauchy – Riemann equation and Sufficient conditions
(excluding proofs) – Harmonic and orthogonal properties of analytic function –
Harmonic conjugate – Construction of analytic functions – Conformal mapping :
w= z+c, cz, 1/z, and bilinear transformation.
UNIT IV COMPLEX INTEGRATION
Complex integration – Statement and applications of Cauchy’s
integral theorem and Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor and Laurent expansions
– Singular points – Residues – Residue theorem – Application of residue theorem
to evaluate real integrals – Unit circle and semicircular contour(excluding
poles on boundaries).
UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Laplace transform – Conditions for existence – Transform of
elementary functions – Basic properties – Transform of derivatives and
integrals – Transform of unit step function and impulse functions – Transform
of periodic functions. Definition of Inverse Laplace transform as contour
integral – Convolution theorem (excluding proof) – Initial and Final value
theorems – Solution of linear ODE of second order with constant
coefficients using Laplace transformation techniques.
TEXT BOOK
1. Bali N. P and Manish Goyal, “Text book of Engineering
Mathematics”, 3Rd Edition, Laxmi Publications (p) Ltd., (2008).
2. Grewal. B.S, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40Th
Edition, Khanna Publications, Delhi,(2007).
REFERENCES
1. Ramana B.V, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”,Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, (2007).
2. Glyn James, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 3 Rd
Edition, Pearson Education, (2007).
3. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 7Th
Edition, Wiley India, (2007).
4. Jain R.K and Iyengar S.R.K, “Advanced Engineering
Mathematics”, 3
Rd Edition, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., (2007).
PH2161 ENGINEERING PHYSICS II
UNIT I CONDUCTING MATERIALS
Conductors – classical free electron theory of metals –
Electrical and thermal conductivity
Wiedemann – Franz law – Lorentz number – Draw backs of classical theory
– Quantum theory – Fermi distribution function – Effect of temperature on Fermi
Function – Density of energy states – carrier concentration in metals.
UNIT II SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
Intrinsic semiconductor – carrier concentration derivation –
Fermi level – Variation of Fermi level with temperature – electrical
conductivity – band gap determination – extrinsic semiconductors – carrier
concentration derivation in n-type and p-type semiconductor – variation of
Fermi level with temperature and impurity concentration – compound
semiconductors – Hall effect – Determination of Hall coefficient –
Applications.
UNIT III MAGNETIC AND SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
Origin of magnetic moment – Bohr magneton – Dia and para
magnetism – Ferro magnetism – Domain theory – Hysteresis – soft and hard
magnetic materials – anti – ferromagnetic materials – Ferrites – applications –
magnetic recording and readout – storage of magnetic data – tapes, floppy and
magnetic disc drives. Superconductivity : properties - Types of super
conductors – BCS theory of superconductivity(Qualitative) - High Tc
superconductors – Applications of superconductors – SQUID, cryotron, magnetic
levitation.
UNIT IV DIELECTRIC MATERIALS
Electrical susceptibility – dielectric constant –
electronic, ionic, orientational and space charge polarization – frequency and
temperature dependence of polarisation – internal field – Claussius – Mosotti
relation (derivation) – dielectric loss – dielectric breakdown – uses of
dielectric materials (capacitor and transformer) – ferroelectricity and
applications.
UNIT V MODERN ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Metallic glasses: preparation, properties and applications.
Shape memory alloys (SMA): Characteristics, properties of NiTi alloy,
application, advantages and disadvantages of SMA Nanomaterials: synthesis
–plasma arcing – chemical vapour deposition – sol-gels – electrodeposition –
ball milling - properties of nanoparticles and applications. Carbon nanotubes:
fabrication – arc method – pulsed laser deposition – chemical vapour deposition
- structure – properties and applications.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Charles Kittel ‘ Introduction to Solid State Physics’,
John Wiley & sons, 7Th edition, Singapore (2007)
2. Charles P. Poole and Frank J.Ownen, ’Introduction to
Nanotechnology’, Wiley India(2007) (for Unit V)
REFERENCES
1. Rajendran, V, and Marikani A, ‘Materials science’Tata
McGraw Hill publications, (2004) New delhi.
2. Jayakumar, S. ‘Materials science’, R.K. Publishers,
Coimbatore, (2008).
3. Palanisamy P.K, ‘Materials science’, Scitech
publications(India) Pvt. LTd., Chennai, second Edition(2007)
4. M. Arumugam, ‘Materials Science’ Anuradha publications,
Kumbakonam, (2006).
CY2161 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY – II SYLLABUS
UNIT I ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrochemical cells – reversible and irreversible cells –
EMF – measurement of emf – Single electrode potential – Nernst equation
(problem) – reference electrodes –Standard Hydrogen electrode -Calomel
electrode – Ion selective electrode – glass electrode and measurement of pH –
electrochemical series – significance – potentiometer titrations (redox -
Fe²+vs dichromate and precipitation – Ag + vs CI- titrations) and conduct
metric titrations (acid-base – HCI vs, NaOH) titrations,
UNIT II CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL
Chemical corrosion – Pilling – Bedworth rule –
electrochemical corrosion – different types – galvanic corrosion – differential
aeration corrosion – factors influencing corrosion – corrosion control –
sacrificial anode and impressed cathodic current methods – corrosion inhibitors
– protective coatings – paints – constituents and functions – metallic coatings
– electroplating (Au)
and electroless (Ni) plating.
UNIT III FUELS AND COMBUSTION
Calorific value – classification – Coal – proximate and
ultimate analysis metallurgical coke – manufacture by Otto-Hoffmann method –
Petroleum processing and fractions – cracking – catalytic cracking and
methods-knocking – octane number and cetane number – synthetic petrol – Fischer
Tropsch and Bergius processes – Gaseous fuels- water gas, producer gas, CNG and
LPG, Flue gas analysis – Orsat apparatus – theoretical air for combustion.
UNIT IV PHASE RULE AND ALLOYS
Statement and explanation of terms involved – one component
system – water system –
condensed phase rule – construction of phase diagram by
thermal analysis – simple eutectic systems (lead-silver system only) – alloys –
importance, ferrous alloys – nichrome and stainless steel – heat treatment of
steel, non-ferrous alloys – brass and bronze.
UNIT V ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Beer-Lambert’s law (problem) – UV-visible spectroscopy and
IR spectroscopy – principles – instrumentation (problem) (block diagram only) –
estimation of iron by colorimetry – flame photometry – principle –
instrumentation (block diagram only) – estimation of sodium by flame photometry
– atomic absorption spectroscopy – principles – instrumentation (block diagram
only) – estimation of nickel by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
TEXT BOOKS
1. P.C.Jain and Monica Jain, “Engineering Chemistry” Dhanpat
Rai Pub, Co., New Delhi (2002).
2. S.S.Dara “A text book of Engineering Chemistry” S.Chand
& Co.Ltd., New Delhi (2006).
REFERENCES
1. B.Sivasankar “Engineering Chemistry” Tata McGraw-Hill
Pub.Co.Ltd, New Delhi (2008).
2. B.K.Sharma “Engineering Chemistry” Krishna Prakasan Media
(P) Ltd., Meerut (2001
ME2151 ENGINEERING MECHANICS SYLLABUS - FOR NON CIRCUIT
BRANCHES
UNIT I BASICS & STATICS OF PARTICLES
Introduction – Units and Dimensions – Laws of Mechanics –
Lame’s theorem, Parallelogram and triangular Law of forces – Vectors –
Vectorial representation of forces and moments – Vector operations: additions,
subtraction, dot product, cross product – Coplanar Forces – Resolution and
Composition of forces – Equilibrium of a particle – Forces in space –
Equilibrium of a particle in space – Equivalent systems of forces – Principle
of transmissibility – Single equivalent force.
UNIT II EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES
Free body diagram – Types of supports and their reactions –
requirements of stable equilibrium – Moments and Couples – Moment of a force
about a point and about an axis – Vectorial representation of moments and
couples – Scalar components of a moment – Varignon’s theorem – Equilibrium of
Rigid bodies in two dimensions – Equilibrium of Rigid bodies in three
dimensions – Examples
UNIT III PROPERTIES OF SURFACES AND SOLIDS
Determination of Areas and Volumes – First moment of area
and the Centroid of sections – Rectangle, circle, triangle from integration – T
section, I section, - Angle section, Hollow section by using standard formula –
second and product moments of plane area – Rectangle, triangle, circle from
integration – T section, I section, Angle section, Hollow section by using
standard formula – Parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem – Polar
moment of inertia – Principal moments of inertia of plane areas – Principal
axes of inertia – Mass moment of inertia – Derivation of mass moment of inertia
for rectangular section, prism, sphere from first principle – Relation to area
moments of inertia.
UNIT IV DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES
Displacements, Velocity and acceleration, their relationship
– Relative motion – Curvilinear motion – Newton’s law – Work Energy Equation of
particles – Impulse and Momentum – Impact of elastic bodies.
UNIT V FRICTION AND ELEMENTS OF RIGID BODY DYNAMICS
Frictional force – Laws of Coloumb friction – simple contact
friction – Rolling resistance – Belt friction. Translation and Rotation of
Rigid Bodies – Velocity and acceleration – General Plane motion.
TEXT BOOK
1. Beer, F.P and Johnson Jr. E.R. “Vector Mechanics for
Engineers”, Vol. 1 Statics and Vol. 2 Dynamics, McGraw-Hill International
Edition, (1997).
REFERENCES
1. Rajasekaran, S, Sankarasubramanian, G., “Fundamentals of
Engineering Mechanics”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., (2000).
2. Hibbeller, R.C., “Engineering Mechanics”, Vol. 1 Statics,
Vol. 2 Dynamics, Pearson Education Asia Pvt. Ltd., (2000).
3. Palanichamy, M.S., Nagam, S., “Engineering Mechanics –
Statics & Dynamics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, (2001).
4. Irving H. Shames, “Engineering Mechanics – Statics and
Dynamics”, IV Edition – Pearson Education Asia Pvt. Ltd., (2003).
5. Ashok Gupta, “Interactive Engineering Mechanics – Statics
– A Virtual Tutor (CDROM)”, Pearson Education Asia Pvt., Ltd., (2002).
EE2151 CIRCUIT THEORY SYLLABUS - FOR BRANCHES UNDER
ELECTRICAL FACULTY
(Common to EEE, EIE and ICE Branches)
UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
Ohm’s Law – Kirchoffs laws – DC and AC Circuits – Resistors
in series and parallel circuits – Mesh current and node voltage method of
analysis for D.C and A.C. circuits.
UNIT II NETWORK REDUCTION AND NETWORK THEOREMS
FOR DC AND AC CIRCUITS
Network reduction: voltage and current division, source
transformation – star delta conversion. Thevenins and Novton & Theorem –
Superposition Theorem – Maximum power transfer theorem – Reciprocity Theorem.
UNIT III RESONANCE AND COUPLED CIRCUITS
Series and paralled resonance – their frequency response –
Quality factor and Bandwidth - Self and mutual inductance – Coefficient of
coupling – Tuned circuits – Single tuned circuits.
UNIT IV TRANSIENT RESPONSE FOR DC CIRCUITS
Transient response of RL, RC and RLC Circuits using Laplace
transform for DC input
and A.C. with sinusoidal input.
UNIT V ANALYSING THREE PHASE CIRCUITS
Three phase balanced / unbalanced voltage sources – analysis
of three phase 3-wire and 4-wire circuits with star and delta connected loads,
balanced & un balanced – phasor diagram of voltages and currents – power
and power factor measurements in three phase circuits.
TEXT BOOKS
1. William H. Hayt Jr, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M.
Durbin, “Engineering Circuits
Analysis”,Tata McGraw Hill publishers, 6 Th edition, New
Delhi, (2002).
2. Sudhakar A and Shyam Mohan SP, “Circuits and Network
Analysis and Synthesis”,Tata McGraw Hill, (2007).
REFERENCES
1. Paranjothi SR, “Electric Circuits Analysis,” New Age
International Ltd., New Delhi, (1996).
2. Joseph A. Edminister, Mahmood Nahri, “Electric circuits”,
Schaum’s series, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (2001).
3. Chakrabati A, “Circuits Theory (Analysis and synthesis),
Dhanpath Rai & Sons, New Delhi, (1999).
4. Charles K. Alexander, Mathew N.O. Sadik, “Fundamentals of
Electric Circuits”, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, (2003).
EC2151 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRON DEVICES
(For ECE, CSE, IT and Biomedical Engg. Branches)
UNIT I CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws – series and parallel
connection of independent sources – R, L and C – Network Theorems – Thevenin,
Superposition, Norton, Maximum power transfer and duality – Star-delta
conversion.
UNIT II TRANSIENT RESONANCE IN RLC CIRCUITS
Basic RL, RC and RLC circuits and their responses to pulse
and sinusoidal inputs – frequency response – Parallel and series resonances – Q
factor – single tuned and double tuned circuits.
UNIT III SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES
Review of intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors – Theory
of PN junction diode – Energy band structure – current equation – space charge
and diffusion capacitances – effect of temperature and breakdown mechanism –
Zener diode and its characteristics.
UNIT IV TRANSISTORS
Principle of operation of PNP and NPN transistors – study of
CE, CB and CC configurations and comparison of their characteristics –
Breakdown in transistors – operation and comparison of N-Channel and P-Channel
JFET – drain current equation –MOSFET – Enhancement and depletion types –
structure and operation – comparison of BJT with MOSFET – thermal effect on
MOSFET.
UNIT V SPECIAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
(Qualitative Treatment only)
Tunnel diodes – PIN diode, varactor diode – SCR
characteristics and two transistor equivalent model – UJT – Diac and Triac –
Laser, CCD, Photodiode, Phototransistor, Photoconductive and Photovoltaic cells
– LED, LCD.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Joseph A. Edminister, Mahmood, Nahri, “Electric Circuits”
– Shaum series,Tata McGraw Hill, (2001)
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh kumar and A. Vallavanraj,
“Electronic Devices and Circuits”,Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, (2008).
3. David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Oxford
University Press, 5Th Edition, (2008).
REFERENCES:
1. Robert T. Paynter, “Introducing Electronics Devices and
Circuits”, Pearson Education, 7 th Education, (2006).
2. William H. Hayt, J.V. Jack, E. Kemmebly and steven M.
Durbin, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”,Tata McGraw Hill, 6 Th Edition, 2002.
3. J. Millman & Halkins, Satyebranta Jit, “Electronic
Devices & Circuits”,Tata McGraw Hill, 2Nd Edition, 2008.
GE2151 BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING SYLLABUS
- FOR NON CIRCUIT BRANCHES
(Common to branches under Civil, Mechanical and Technology
faculty)
UNIT I ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS & MEASURMENTS
Ohm’s Law – Kirchoff’s Laws – Steady State Solution of DC
Circuits – Introduction to AC Circuits – Waveforms and RMS Value – Power and
Power factor – Single Phase and Three Phase Balanced Circuits. Operating
Principles of Moving Coil and Moving Iron Instruments (Ammeters and
Voltmeters), Dynamometer type Watt meters and Energy meters.
UNIT II ELECTRICAL MECHANICS
Construction, Principle of Operation, Basic Equations and
Applications of DC Generators, DC Motors, Single Phase Transformer, single
phase induction Motor.
UNIT III SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS
Characteristics of PN Junction Diode – Zener Effect – Zener
Diode and its Characteristics – Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers – Voltage
Regulation. Bipolar Junction Transistor – CB, CE, CC Configurations and
Characteristics – Elementary Treatment of Small Signal Amplifier.
UNIT IV DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Binary Number System – Logic Gates – Boolean Algebra – Half
and Full Adders – Flip- Flops – Registers and Counters – A/D and D/A Conversion
(single concepts)
UNIT V FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Types of Signals: Analog and Digital Signals – Modulation
and Demodulation: Principles of Amplitude and Frequency Modulations.
Communication Systems: Radio, TV, Fax, Microwave, Satellite and Optical Fibre
(Block Diagram Approach only).
TEXT BOOKS
1. V.N. Mittle “Basic Electrical Engineering”,Tata McGraw
Hill Edition, New Delhi, 1990.
2. R.S. Sedha, “Applied Electronics” S. Chand & Co.,
2006.
REFERENCES
1. Muthusubramanian R, Salivahanan S and Muraleedharan K A,
“Basic Electrical,
Electronics and Computer Engineering”,Tata McGraw Hill,
Second Edition, (2006).
2. Nagsarkar T K and Sukhija M S, “Basics of Electrical
Engineering”, Oxford press (2005).
3. Mehta V K, “Principles of Electronics”, S.Chand &
Company Ltd, (1994).
4. Mahmood Nahvi and Joseph A. Edminister, “Electric
Circuits”, Schaum’ Outline Series, McGraw Hill, (2002).
5. Premkumar N, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, Anuradha
Publishers, (2003).
GE2152 BASIC CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS -
FOR CIRCUIT BRANCHES
(Common to branches under Electrical and I & C Faculty)
A – CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIT I SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Surveying: Objects – types – classification – principles –
measurements of distances – angles – leveling – determination of areas –
illustrative examples. Civil Engineering Materials: Bricks – stones – sand –
cement – concrete – steel sections.
UNIT II BUILDING COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURES
Foundations: Types, Bearing capacity – Requirement of good
foundations. Superstructure: Brick masonry – stone masonry – beams – columns –
lintels – roofing – flooring – plastering – Mechanics – Internal and external
forces – stress – strain – elasticity – Types of Bridges and Dams – Basics of
Interior Design and Landscaping.
B – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT III POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
Introduction, Classification of Power Plants – Working
principle of steam, Gas, Diesel,Hydro-electric and Nuclear Power plants –
Merits and Demerits – Pumps and turbines – working principle of Reciprocating
pumps (single acting and double acting) – Centrifugal Pump.
UNIT IV I C ENGINES
Internal combustion engines as automobile power plant –
Working principle of Petrol and Diesel Engines – Four stroke and two stroke
cycles – Comparison of four stroke and two stroke engines – Boiler as a power
plant.
UNIT V REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Terminology of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Principle
of vapour compression and absorption system – Layout of typical domestic
refrigerator – Window and Split type room Air conditioner.
REFERENCES: 1. Shanmugam G and Palanichamy M S, “Basic Civil
and Mechanical Engineering”,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, (1996).
2. Ramamrutham. S, “Basic Civil Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai
Publishing Co. (P) Ltd. (1999).
3. Seetharaman S. “Basic Civil Engineering”, Anuradha
Agencies, (2005).
4. Venugopal K and Prahu Raja V, “Basic Mechanical
Engineering”, Anuradha Publishers, Kumbakonam, (2000).
5. Shantha Kumar S R J., “Basic Mechanical Engineering”,
Hi-tech Publications, Mayiladuthurai, (2000).
